It may be noted that in a stable, well integrated society there are few social movements. Thus, social movements arise wherever social conditions are favorable. A social system is unjust when it is so perceived by its members. Social injustice is a subjective value judgment. A wealthy class may feel a sense of injustice when faced with urban property ceiling Act or high taxes intended to benefit the poor. Any group, at any status level may come to feel itself the victim of social injustice. The feeling of social injustice is not limited to the miserable poor. Such feeling of injustice provides fertile soil for social movements. When a group of people feel that injustice has been done to it they become frustrated and alienated. Confusion and frustration produce social movements. The individuals feel insecure, confused and frustrated. A feeling develops that the community leaders are indifferent to their needs. Social disorganization brings confusion and uncertainty because the old traditions no longer form a dependable guide to behaviour. Industrialization has brought urbanization which has in its turn caused numerous social problems. One part changes more rapidly than the other producing thereby numerous lags. (ii) Social Disorganization:Ī changing society is to some extent disorganized because changes in different parts of society do not take place simultaneously. The development of a democratic society, the emancipation of women, the spread of mass education, the removal of untouchability, equality of opportunity for both the sexes, growth of secularism are the examples of cultural drift. To get these ideas operative in society they organise a movement. In the course of cultural drift most of the people develop new ideas. The values and behaviour are changing in all civilized societies. The society is undergoing constant changes. The social unrest may be caused by the following factors: (i) Cultural Drifts: It is social unrest which gives rise to a social movement. It may continue for a long period or it may die out soon. (iii) It may be organized or unorganized (ii) Its aim is to bring or resist a change in society The following features of the social movement may be marked out: Secondly, an association carries the customary behaviour of the society, while the social movement is concerned with some change in behaviour norms. Firstly, an association is an organized group, while some social movements may be totally unorganized. Social movements may also be distinguished from association. Some people are indifferent or even hostile to it. A social movement lacks institutional status. They are regarded as necessary and valuable aspects of the culture. Secondly, institutions hold institutional status. Marriage is a permanent social institution but the life of family planning movement is not certain. Firstly, Social institutions are relatively permanent and stable elements of a culture, whereas social movements have an uncertain life.
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